Install Portainer on your Kubernetes environment

Introduction

Portainer consists of two elements, the Portainer Server and the Portainer Agent. Both elements run as lightweight containers on Kubernetes.

To get started, you will need:

• A working and up to date Kubernetes cluster.

• Access to run helm or kubectl commands on your cluster.

• Cluster Admin rights on your Kubernetes cluster. This is so Portainer can create the necessary ServiceAccount and ClusterRoleBinding for it to access the Kubernetes cluster.

• A default StorageClass configured (see below).

• A license key for Portainer Business Edition.

The installation instructions also make the following assumptions about your environment:

• Your environment meets our requirements. While Portainer may work with other configurations, it may require configuration changes or have limited functionality.

• Kubernetes RBAC is enabled and working (this is required for the access control functionality in Portainer).

• You will be using the portainer namespace for Portainer. At present this is a requirement - other namespaces are currently unsupported.

• Kubernetes' metrics server is installed and working (if you wish to use the metrics within Portainer).

Data Persistence

Portainer requires data persistence, and as a result needs at least one StorageClass available to use. Portainer will attempt to use the default StorageClass during deployment. If you do not have a StorageClass tagged as default the deployment will likely fail.

You can check if you have a default StorageClass by running the following command on your cluster:

kubectl get sc

and looking for a StorageClass with (default) after its name:

root@kubemaster01:~# kubectl get sc
NAME                            PROVISIONER                                   RECLAIMPOLICY   VOLUMEBINDINGMODE   ALLOWVOLUMEEXPANSION   AGE
managed-nfs-storage (default)   k8s-sigs.io/nfs-subdir-external-provisioner   Delete          Immediate           false                  11d

To set a StorageClass as default, you can use the following:

kubectl patch storageclass <storage-class-name> -p '{"metadata": {"annotations":{"storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class":"true"}}}'

replacing <storage-class-name> with the name of your StorageClass. Alternatively, if you are installing using our Helm chart, you can pass the following parameter in your helm install command to specify the StorageClass to use for Portainer:

--set persistence.storageClass=<storage-class-name>

In some Kubernetes clusters (for example microk8s), the default StorageClass simply creates hostPath volumes, which are not explicitly tied to a particular node. In a multi-node cluster, this can create an issue when the pod is terminated and rescheduled on a different node, "leaving" all the persistent data behind and starting the pod with an "empty" volume.

While this behavior is inherently a limitation of using hostPath volumes, a suitable workaround is to use add a nodeSelector to the deployment, which effectively "pins" the Portainer pod to a particular node. You can do this by editing your own values.yaml file to set the nodeSelector value:

nodeSelector: kubernetes.io/hostname: \<YOUR_NODE_NAME>

or alternatively follow the instructions below for each deployment method.

Deployment

To deploy Portainer within a Kubernetes cluster you can use our provided Helm charts or YAML manifests.

Deploy using Helm

Ensure you're using at least Helm v3.2, which includes support for the --create-namespace argument.

First add the Portainer Helm repository by running the following commands:

helm repo add portainer https://portainer.github.io/k8s/
helm repo update

Once the update completes, you're ready to begin the installation. Which method you choose will depend on how you wish to expose the Portainer service:

Expose via NodePort

Using one of the following commands, Portainer will be available on port 30779 for HTTPS:

Business Edition:

helm install --create-namespace -n portainer portainer portainer/portainer --set enterpriseEdition.enabled=true --set tls.force=true

Community Edition:

helm install --create-namespace -n portainer portainer portainer/portainer --set tls.force=true

By default, Portainer generates and uses a self-signed SSL certificate to secure port 30779. Alternatively you can provide your own SSL certificate during installation or via the Portainer UI after installation is complete.

If you need to access Portainer via HTTP on port 30777, remove the --set tls.force=true option.

Expose via Ingress

In these examples, Portainer will be deployed to your cluster and assigned a Cluster IP, with an nginx Ingress Controller at the defined hostname. For more on Ingress options, refer to the list of Chart Configuration Options.

Business Edition:

helm install --create-namespace -n portainer portainer portainer/portainer \
    --set enterpriseEdition.enabled=true \
    --set service.type=ClusterIP \
    --set tls.force=true \
    --set ingress.enabled=true \
    --set ingress.ingressClassName=<ingressClassName (eg: nginx)> \
    --set ingress.annotations."nginx\.ingress\.kubernetes\.io/backend-protocol"=HTTPS \
    --set ingress.hosts[0].host=<fqdn (eg: portainer.example.io)> \
    --set ingress.hosts[0].paths[0].path="/"

Community Edition:

helm install --create-namespace -n portainer portainer portainer/portainer \
    --set service.type=ClusterIP \
    --set tls.force=true \
    --set ingress.enabled=true \
    --set ingress.ingressClassName=<ingressClassName (eg: nginx)> \
    --set ingress.annotations."nginx\.ingress\.kubernetes\.io/backend-protocol"=HTTPS \
    --set ingress.hosts[0].host=<fqdn (eg: portainer.example.io)> \
    --set ingress.hosts[0].paths[0].path="/"

If you need to access Portainer via HTTP, remove the --set tls.force=true option.

Expose via Load Balancer

Using one of the following commands, Portainer will be available at an assigned Load Balancer IP on port 9443 for HTTPS:

Business Edition:

helm install --create-namespace -n portainer portainer portainer/portainer \
    --set service.type=LoadBalancer \
    --set enterpriseEdition.enabled=true \
    --set tls.force=true

Community Edition:

helm install --create-namespace -n portainer portainer portainer/portainer \
    --set service.type=LoadBalancer \
    --set tls.force=true

By default, Portainer generates and uses a self-signed SSL certificate to secure port 9443. Alternatively you can provide your own SSL certificate during installation or via the Portainer UI after installation is complete.

If you need to access Portainer via HTTP on port 9000, remove the --set tls.force=true option.

If you want to explicitly set the target node when deploying the Helm chart on the CLI, include --set nodeSelector.kubernetes\.io/hostname=<YOUR NODE NAME> in your helm install command.

Deploy using YAML manifests

Our YAML manifests support exposing Portainer via either NodePort or Load Balancer.

Expose via NodePort

To expose via NodePort, you can use one of the following commands (Portainer will be available on port 30777 for HTTP and 30779 for HTTPS):

Business Edition:

kubectl apply -n portainer -f https://downloads.portainer.io/ee2-15/portainer.yaml

Community Edition:

kubectl apply -n portainer -f https://downloads.portainer.io/ce2-15/portainer.yaml

By default, Portainer generates and uses a self-signed SSL certificate to secure port 30779. Alternatively you can provide your own SSL certificate during installation or via the Portainer UI after installation is complete.

Expose via Load Balancer

To expose via Load Balancer, use one of the following commands to provision Portainer at an assigned Load Balancer IP on port 9000 for HTTP and 9443 for HTTPS:

Business Edition:

kubectl apply -n portainer -f https://downloads.portainer.io/ee2-15/portainer-lb.yaml

Community Edition:

kubectl apply -n portainer -f https://downloads.portainer.io/ce2-15/portainer-lb.yaml

By default, Portainer generates and uses a self-signed SSL certificate to secure port 9443. Alternatively you can provide your own SSL certificate during installation or via the Portainer UI after installation is complete.

If you want to explicitly set the target node when deploying using YAML manifests, run the following one-liner to "patch" the deployment, forcing the pod to always be scheduled on the node it's currently running on:

kubectl patch deployments -n portainer portainer -p '{"spec": {"template": {"spec": {"nodeSelector": {"kubernetes.io/hostname": "'$(kubectl get pods -n portainer -o jsonpath='{ ..nodeName }')'"}}}}}' || (echo Failed to identify current node of portainer pod; exit 1)

Logging In

Now that the installation is complete, you can log into your Portainer Server instance. Depending on how you chose to expose your Portainer installation, open a web browser and navigate to the following URL:

NodePort

https://localhost:30779/ or http://localhost:30777/

Replace localhost with the relevant IP address or FQDN if needed, and adjust the port if you changed it earlier.

Ingress

https://<FQDN>/

Replace <FQDN> with the FQDN of your Portainer instance.

Load Balancer

https://<loadbalancer IP>:9443/ or http://<loadbalancer IP>:9000/

Replace <loadbalancer IP> with the IP address or FQDN of the load balancer, and adjust the port if you changed it earlier.

You will be presented with the initial setup page for Portainer Server.

Initial setup